Pakistan is a federal parliamentary democratic republic, with two houses of parliament: the National Assembly and the Senate. The country is divided into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, as well as the Islamabad Capital Territory and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Each province has its own government, with power divided between the federal government and the provinces. The provinces have a high degree of autonomy and are responsible for issues such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. The federal government is responsible for foreign affairs, defense, and national economic policy, among other things. There has been some tension between the federal government and the provinces, particularly over issues of resource distribution and the allocation of power. Some have called for greater decentralization of power to the provinces, while others argue that a strong central government is necessary to maintain unity and stability in the country. Overall, the politics of federalism in Pakistan are complex and multifaceted, and the balance of power between the federal government and the provinces continues to evolve. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments. In Pakistan, the country is divided into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, as well as the Islamabad Capital Territory, which is controlled directly by the federal government. Each province has its own government and is responsible for administering certain policies within its territory. The federal government is responsible for foreign affairs, defense, and other national-level policies. The politics of federalism in Pakistan have been marked by tension between the central government and the provinces, particularly over issues of resource distribution and autonomy. There have also been longstanding conflicts between the provinces, with various ethnic and regional groups vying for more power and resources. In recent years, there have been efforts to reform the federal system in order to address these issues and promote greater harmony between the different levels of government.
In Pakistan, federalism has been a controversial and contentious issue since the country's independence in 1947.At the time of independence, the founders of Pakistan envisioned a federal system of government in which the central government would have limited powers, with the provinces having a high degree of autonomy. However, this vision was not fully realized, and over the years, the central government has largely exercised a high degree of control over the provinces. The issue of federalism has been especially contentious in the province of Balochistan, which has long complained of being marginalized and underdeveloped compared to other parts of the country. There have been several instances of unrest and violence in Balochistan over the years, with some groups calling for greater autonomy or even independence from Pakistan. In recent years, there have been some efforts to address the issue of federalism in Pakistan, including the devolution of certain powers from the central government to the provinces under the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. However, the issue remains a source of political tension and debate in the country.
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